Opposing brain differences in 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers.

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This study found that children and adults with the 16p11.2 deletion tend to have larger brain structures (including bigger thalamus, more gray matter, and larger cortical surface area), while those with the duplication tend to have smaller brain structures, suggesting the two variants have opposite effects on early brain development—information that may help families understand why brain-based differences vary between individuals with deletions versus duplications.