Distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity in the auditory cortex.

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This study shows that different “braking” cells in the brain help the auditory system either sharply separate sounds by loudness or blend them together flexibly, helping families affected by 16p11.2 understand why some children may be overwhelmed by noise while others struggle to tell sounds apart—and why using quieter environments, predictable volume levels, and gradual sound exposure can support listening, learning, and comfort.